Sunscreen, commonly referred to as sunblock or sun cream, is a photoprotective topical skin product that aids in preventing skin cancer and, more critically, sunburn. Sunscreens are available as creams, gels, foams, sticks, powders, and other topical preparations. Sunscreens are often worn in addition to clothes, especially sunglasses, sunhats, and other sun protection apparel like umbrellas.
What are the benefits of sunscreen?
Sunscreen applications can aid in the prevention of skin cancer. A study conducted in 2013 discovered that consistent daily use of sunscreen could potentially delay or temporarily hinder the formation of wrinkles and sagging skin. This research involved 900 Australian individuals of Caucasian descent, with some participants applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen daily for four and a half years. The findings revealed that those who followed this routine displayed notably more resilient and smoother skin compared to those who continued with their usual practices. Another study involving 32 participants showed that regular use of sunscreen (SPF 30) could reverse the effects of photoaging on the skin within 12 weeks (about 3 months), and this improvement persisted throughout the entire one-year investigation period. Given that the primary cause of premature aging is sun exposure, sunscreen inherently has anti-aging properties, potentially leading to a slowdown or temporary prevention of issues like wrinkles, dark spots, and sagging skin.
This is particularly crucial for children, individuals with fair skin, and those who experience sun sensitivity due to medical reasons. Minimizing damage from UV rays is of paramount importance.
What are the risks?
Government regulators in several nations conduct thorough reviews of sunscreen chemicals, and those that raise serious safety issues (like PABA) are often taken off the market.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will only recognize the minerals zinc oxide and titanium dioxide as safe and effective as of 2023. The petrochemical components inpara-aminobenzoic acid and trolamine salicylate were only recently banned in 2021. There are 14 other active compounds approved, all based on petrochemicals. Examples include avobenzone, oxybenzone, and octinoxate.
Certain individuals face the risk of allergic reactions to sunscreen. Allergic contact dermatitis might occur in those sensitive to ingredients present in sunscreen products or cosmetics with sunscreen components, leading to rashes that can spread beyond the application site.
What are the types of sunscreens?
Sunscreens are formulations applied to the skin that include filters capable of either reflecting or absorbing ultraviolet (UV) radiation, typically in the UV wavelength range. These sunscreens fall into two categories: organic (previously known as chemical sunscreens) and inorganic (previously known as physical sunscreens). Broad-spectrum sunscreens combine various products that can absorb both ultraviolet B (UVB) and ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation.
Why do we need sunscreen?
Everyone, regardless of their skin phototype, is susceptible to potential negative effects from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and can gain advantages from using sunscreen. However, individuals with light skin (phototypes I, II, and III) benefit particularly due to their heightened vulnerability to both immediate (sunburn) and prolonged (skin aging, skin cancer) repercussions of excessive sun exposure.
People with fair skin should make regular use of broad-spectrum sunscreens with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher when engaging in outdoor activities during sunny conditions, especially in areas with intense sunlight. Since individuals usually apply less sunscreen than recommended (around 1 to 1.5 ounces or 6 to 9 teaspoons for full body
coverage), opting for a higher SPF might be helpful. These guidelines align with the recommendations put forth by the American Academy of Dermatology.
How to apply sunscreen?
Applying sunscreen correctly is crucial for effective protection. Follow these guidelines:
- Generous Application: Apply sunscreen generously to all skin exposed to the sun. A practical method like the “teaspoon rule” can help gauge the right amount for various body areas.
- Timing: Apply sunscreen 15 to 30 minutes before going out in the sun. This allows time for a protective layer to form on your skin.
- Reapplication: Reapply sunscreen every two hours, even on cloudy days. If you’re sweating or swimming, reapply more often.
- Remember, proper and consistent application enhances your skin’s defense against UV radiation and helps prevent sunburn and other adverse effects.